All building are made up of 11 building components and each one of them serve its unique purpose in sustaining the function of a building.
- Foundation
- Structural Framing (Columns and Beams)
- Floors, Ceiling and finishes
- Stairs and Balustrading
- Doors
- Windows
- Roof and its finishes
- External Walls and Partition
- Paintwork and its finishes
- Building services (water supply and plumbing, waste and sewage disposal, electrical supply and lighting, air-conditioning, Lifts, Fire protection system, security, cleaning)
- External works (footpaths, driveways, fencing and gates, planting and turfing, landscaping, apron)
Depending on how deep is the foundation, if it is less than 1.5m we can use Strip or Pad or raft. Strip is suitable for load-bearing wall. Pad is used to support columns, whereas Raft use a continuous reinforced concrete slab.
For foundation greater than 3m deep, we use pile. Most foundation use mass or reinforced concreate.
Aprons slab uses concreate as its material and normally is 75~100mm thick and has an area of 1m by 1.8m.
Drains/Surface water channels uses precast concreate material and usually have (1)steel frame grating cover (2)concreate cover slab (3)galvanized steel grating.